Chap 19
The Vijayanagar Empire(1336-1672 AD):
Sangama(Shavites= Virupaksha family diety) à Saluva(Short lived) à Tuluva Dynasty(Vashnavites) à Aravidu Dynasty(weak after battle of Talaikota 1565).
Sangama(Shavites= Virupaksha family diety) à Saluva(Short lived) à Tuluva Dynasty(Vashnavites) à Aravidu Dynasty(weak after battle of Talaikota 1565).
Source:
--Literature:
>>Amukthamalyada(Telgu) + Jambavati Kalyanam(Sanskrit) + Ushaparinayam(Sanskrit) = By KrishnaDevaRaya
>>Maduravijyam= Sanskrit poem= describes expedition of Kumara Kampana(army commander || son of King Bukka 1)of Sangama Dynasty expending empire till Rameshwaram= By Ganga Devi.
>>Manucharitam(Existance of Caste system) and Harikathasaram = By Allasani Peddanna
--Literature:
>>Amukthamalyada(Telgu) + Jambavati Kalyanam(Sanskrit) + Ushaparinayam(Sanskrit) = By KrishnaDevaRaya
>>Maduravijyam= Sanskrit poem= describes expedition of Kumara Kampana(army commander || son of King Bukka 1)of Sangama Dynasty expending empire till Rameshwaram= By Ganga Devi.
>>Manucharitam(Existance of Caste system) and Harikathasaram = By Allasani Peddanna
--Foreigner’s Account:
>>Ibn Batuta= Morocco
>>Nicolo de Conti (Slavery) = Italy (venetian )
>>Abdur Razzak = Persian (Iran) ==tells about Fortification and roads
>>Domingo Paes (beautiful houses + servants+ Devadasi system)= Portuguese
>>Edward Barbosa(Religious Freedom) = Portugese
>>Nuniz(Sati system + women condition+ canals)= Portugese(A horse trader)
--Inscription:
>>Copper Plate inscription of Devaraya 2=@ Srirangam = Geneology and achievements
--Architecture:
>>Ruins of HAMPI= cultural contribution.
>>other monuments=Mahanavami Dabba, Lotus Mahal etc.
--Numismatics:
>>Coins= Titles + Achievements + Legends
>>Ibn Batuta= Morocco
>>Nicolo de Conti (Slavery) = Italy (venetian )
>>Abdur Razzak = Persian (Iran) ==tells about Fortification and roads
>>Domingo Paes (beautiful houses + servants+ Devadasi system)= Portuguese
>>Edward Barbosa(Religious Freedom) = Portugese
>>Nuniz(Sati system + women condition+ canals)= Portugese(A horse trader)
--Inscription:
>>Copper Plate inscription of Devaraya 2=@ Srirangam = Geneology and achievements
--Architecture:
>>Ruins of HAMPI= cultural contribution.
>>other monuments=Mahanavami Dabba, Lotus Mahal etc.
--Numismatics:
>>Coins= Titles + Achievements + Legends
Political
History:
--Founder = Sangama Dynasty = Harihara and Bukka
--Location= south of Tungabhadra river.
--served under Kakatiya ruler of Warangal à converted to ISLAM.
--Returned to Hinduism = by saint Vidyaranya.
--Established Empire === rose with decline of Hoysala kingdom
--Conflict with Bahmani kindom= Raiture Daob(between Tungabhadra and Krishna) + Krishna-Godavri delta.
--Founder = Sangama Dynasty = Harihara and Bukka
--Location= south of Tungabhadra river.
--served under Kakatiya ruler of Warangal à converted to ISLAM.
--Returned to Hinduism = by saint Vidyaranya.
--Established Empire === rose with decline of Hoysala kingdom
--Conflict with Bahmani kindom= Raiture Daob(between Tungabhadra and Krishna) + Krishna-Godavri delta.
Tuluva Dynasty:
Krishna Deva Raya(1509-1530)
--Checked the expansion of Bahmani Kingdom.
--Bahmani kingdom gave rise to several independent kingdoms = Deccan Sultante.
--Deccan Sultanate= huge diversity= Turkish + Hindus + others.
--Conquered = Raichur Daob + Orrisa(from Gajapati) + Telangana.
-- Vaishanvite ----respected all religion
--AKA Asthbhoja===8 eminent scholar = Asthdiggaja= in his court= TenaliRama, Allasani Peddanna etc.
--Built a city = Naglapuram = in memory of his Mother = NagalaDevi.
--His successor = Achutadeva + Ventkata + RamaRaya
--Ramaraya= battle of Talaikotta 1565 = all Deccan kin g united = start of end of Vijayanagar.
--Vijayanagar kingdom survived in ruins for about 100 year after the battle.
Krishna Deva Raya(1509-1530)
--Checked the expansion of Bahmani Kingdom.
--Bahmani kingdom gave rise to several independent kingdoms = Deccan Sultante.
--Deccan Sultanate= huge diversity= Turkish + Hindus + others.
--Conquered = Raichur Daob + Orrisa(from Gajapati) + Telangana.
-- Vaishanvite ----respected all religion
--AKA Asthbhoja===8 eminent scholar = Asthdiggaja= in his court= TenaliRama, Allasani Peddanna etc.
--Built a city = Naglapuram = in memory of his Mother = NagalaDevi.
--His successor = Achutadeva + Ventkata + RamaRaya
--Ramaraya= battle of Talaikotta 1565 = all Deccan kin g united = start of end of Vijayanagar.
--Vijayanagar kingdom survived in ruins for about 100 year after the battle.
Administration:
--Kingdom divided into = Mandalam under Mandaleswara or Nayak
--Mandalam into Nadus into Sthalas into Grams
--Full power to local Authority.(Chalukya + Rashtrakuta = centralized/centralised administration) (while chola and Pallavas believed in Autonomy).
--Nayaka= Military chief = controlled fort and some peasant = roamed in search of fertile land= semi independent = sometime rebelled .
--Amara – Nayaka System:
>>likely to be inspired from Iqta System of Delhi Sultanate.
>>Amara – Nayaka were military commanders.
>>they were given territory by King
>>They collected taxed from allocated territory = kept some @ Salary+ Maintenance of military= rest to king
>>They brought Tribute to king Annualy.
>>Presented themselves in the court of the King.
>>After collapse they became independence.
Social Life:
--Cotton + Silk = Clothes
--Entertainment = Dancing + Music +Cock Fight + Wrestling + Gambling etc.
--Epic and Purana = famous among masses.
--Women:
>>not improved
>>MaduraVijiyam = a Sanskrit Poem = By Gangadevi
>>Famous women Poet = hannamma and Thirumalamma
>>Larger no. of women = Dancer+domestic servant + palanquin bearer= in court = according to Nuinz(Portugese horse trader).
>>Sati system was prevalent.
Economic Condition:
--one of the richest kingdom of world = foreign accounts
--Agriculture flourished = as per Nuniz’s account= tank+ irrigation +canals
--Industry= diamond (Kurnool + Anantpur)
--Gold coins = Varaha= varied in weight place to place
--Export = Silk + cotton + spices +iron + saltpeter + sugar
--Import= Horses +velvet colthes + pearl + mercury + copper + china silk
--Ship building flourished.
--Kingdom divided into = Mandalam under Mandaleswara or Nayak
--Mandalam into Nadus into Sthalas into Grams
--Full power to local Authority.(Chalukya + Rashtrakuta = centralized/centralised administration) (while chola and Pallavas believed in Autonomy).
--Nayaka= Military chief = controlled fort and some peasant = roamed in search of fertile land= semi independent = sometime rebelled .
--Amara – Nayaka System:
>>likely to be inspired from Iqta System of Delhi Sultanate.
>>Amara – Nayaka were military commanders.
>>they were given territory by King
>>They collected taxed from allocated territory = kept some @ Salary+ Maintenance of military= rest to king
>>They brought Tribute to king Annualy.
>>Presented themselves in the court of the King.
>>After collapse they became independence.
Social Life:
--Cotton + Silk = Clothes
--Entertainment = Dancing + Music +Cock Fight + Wrestling + Gambling etc.
--Epic and Purana = famous among masses.
--Women:
>>not improved
>>MaduraVijiyam = a Sanskrit Poem = By Gangadevi
>>Famous women Poet = hannamma and Thirumalamma
>>Larger no. of women = Dancer+domestic servant + palanquin bearer= in court = according to Nuinz(Portugese horse trader).
>>Sati system was prevalent.
Economic Condition:
--one of the richest kingdom of world = foreign accounts
--Agriculture flourished = as per Nuniz’s account= tank+ irrigation +canals
--Industry= diamond (Kurnool + Anantpur)
--Gold coins = Varaha= varied in weight place to place
--Export = Silk + cotton + spices +iron + saltpeter + sugar
--Import= Horses +velvet colthes + pearl + mercury + copper + china silk
--Ship building flourished.
Cultural condition:
--Tall Rayagopuram
--Kalyanmandapa with carved pillars in temple premise.
--100 to 1000 pillars.
--usually horses on the pillar carved
--Diety brought to the mandapa during Festivals.
--Temple= Vittalaswamy + Hazara Ramaswamy + (Varadharaja and Ekamparanatha temple at Kanchipuram)
--RayaGopuram = at Thiruvannamalai and Chindambaram.
--Later period= Nayak ruler continued temple building architecture.
--Metallurgy= Metal image of KrishnadevaRaya and her Queen at Tirupati.
--Literature flourished.
--Tall Rayagopuram
--Kalyanmandapa with carved pillars in temple premise.
--100 to 1000 pillars.
--usually horses on the pillar carved
--Diety brought to the mandapa during Festivals.
--Temple= Vittalaswamy + Hazara Ramaswamy + (Varadharaja and Ekamparanatha temple at Kanchipuram)
--RayaGopuram = at Thiruvannamalai and Chindambaram.
--Later period= Nayak ruler continued temple building architecture.
--Metallurgy= Metal image of KrishnadevaRaya and her Queen at Tirupati.
--Literature flourished.
Bahmani Kingdom:
--Founder = Alaudin bahman Shah AKA Hasan Gangu(1347)
--14 Sultans were collectively ruling over the Kingdom
--Muhammad Shah = becam most powerfull = with the advice of Mahmud Gawan(Persian).
--Extent of Empire :
Arabian Sea :::: North= Mumbai and South= Goa
Bay of Bengal:::North= Kakinada(AP) and South = mouth of Krishna River(AP)
--Founder = Alaudin bahman Shah AKA Hasan Gangu(1347)
--14 Sultans were collectively ruling over the Kingdom
--Muhammad Shah = becam most powerfull = with the advice of Mahmud Gawan(Persian).
--Extent of Empire :
Arabian Sea :::: North= Mumbai and South= Goa
Bay of Bengal:::North= Kakinada(AP) and South = mouth of Krishna River(AP)
 |
| Extent of Bahmani Kingdom |
--Mahmud Gawan:
>>Persian merchant = came to india at 42
>>knew= Maths + languages
>>college in Bidar in Persian style.
>>Helped Sultan to control over Nobles
>>Nobles united ===Brain washed sultan to award him death .
>>Death of Mahmud Gawan à decline of empire.
>>Persian merchant = came to india at 42
>>knew= Maths + languages
>>college in Bidar in Persian style.
>>Helped Sultan to control over Nobles
>>Nobles united ===Brain washed sultan to award him death .
>>Death of Mahmud Gawan à decline of empire.
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Question @ BAHMANI KINGDOM:
3 Consider the following with reference to the Bahmani Kingdom.
1. The Bahamani Sultans were patrons of the Persian language.
2. The Bidri artwork is often associated with this Kingdom.
3. The sultans persecuted Hindus preventing them to take part in the Bahmani administration or
polity.
Select the correct answer using the codes below.
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 2 only
D. 1 and 3 only
Your Answer :
Correct Answer : A
Answer Justification :
Justification: The Bahmani Sultanate was a Muslim state of the Deccan in South India and one of
the great medieval Indian kingdoms. It was the first independent Islamic Kingdom in South India.
Statement 1: Some members of the dynasty became well-versed in that language and composed its
literature in Persian language.
Statement 2: The craftspersons of Bidar then were so famed for their inlay work on copper and
silver that it came to be known as Bidri.
Statement 3: The most important step taken by Ahmad Shah was the induction of Hindus in the
administration on a large scale. Ahmad Shah I was called a saint on account of his association with
the famous saint Gesu Dara. So, Hindus were not persecuted and statement 3 is wrong.
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Question @ BAHMANI KINGDOM:
3 Consider the following with reference to the Bahmani Kingdom.
1. The Bahamani Sultans were patrons of the Persian language.
2. The Bidri artwork is often associated with this Kingdom.
3. The sultans persecuted Hindus preventing them to take part in the Bahmani administration or
polity.
Select the correct answer using the codes below.
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 2 only
D. 1 and 3 only
Your Answer :
Correct Answer : A
Answer Justification :
Justification: The Bahmani Sultanate was a Muslim state of the Deccan in South India and one of
the great medieval Indian kingdoms. It was the first independent Islamic Kingdom in South India.
Statement 1: Some members of the dynasty became well-versed in that language and composed its
literature in Persian language.
Statement 2: The craftspersons of Bidar then were so famed for their inlay work on copper and
silver that it came to be known as Bidri.
Statement 3: The most important step taken by Ahmad Shah was the induction of Hindus in the
administration on a large scale. Ahmad Shah I was called a saint on account of his association with
the famous saint Gesu Dara. So, Hindus were not persecuted and statement 3 is wrong.
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