Tamil Nadu History NCERT Chap- 22 Class 11

Chap 22

Maratha Empire:

Shivaji(1627-1680):
--Mountain + Forest + Bhakti movement = Maratha empire.
--Mountain + Forest = Brave soldiers + Guerrilla warfare.
--Bhakti movement = Religious Unification.
--Shivaji = Politica unity.
--Shivaji = Inherited Jagir of Poona from fater = 1637.
--Shivaji Captured Javali from Maratha chief Chanda More.
--Shaishta Khan (Mughal Governor of Deccan)== was sent by Aurangzeb to check the Maratha.
--Shaista Khan = captured Surat from Maratha -----Maratha fought back (Guerrilla) and catured Surat again-----son of Shaista Khan died.
--Raja Jai Singh of Amber = was sent to check the Maratha== He defeated Sivaji ==plundered Purandar fort====Signed a treaty called “Treaty of Purander(1665)”
--Treat of purandar=Shivaji Surrendered 23 Fort out of his 35 forts. + Service to Mughals
--Minor son of Shivaji was granted = Mansab
--Shivaji went to Mughal court ===was arrested ===escaped.
--Shivaji cptured all the lost territory and forts.

Administration:
--Shivaji = assisted by council of 8 ministers =Asthpradhan.
--Other ministers were also directly responsible to Shivaji.
-- ministers:
           >>Peshwa=Finance +General administration =later PM.
           >>Sa I Naubat / Senapati=Millitary commander.
           >>Amatya = Accountant general.
           >>Waqenavis=RAW
           >>Sumanta = Minister of ceremonies.
           >>Nyayadish= Judge
           >>Panditrao = charity +religious administration.

Peshwaship:
--After death of Shivaji = fight among son= who succeded died…..another barely escaped Mughals.
--minor son under Tara bai = rule………….Rise of Peshwa
Decline :
--After decline of Mughal Maratha rose=but could not tackle British
--Reason:
             >>Lack of unity ====Holkar + Scindia + Bhonsle
             >> Tech + Methodological superiority of Britishers.

 for more details ==== refer EXCEL (named=History)