Biosphere Reserve [MAB and non MAB] ↓
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Wetland:
On January 30, 2019, the Indian Sundarban was accorded the status of ‘Wetland of
International Importance’ under the Ramsar Convention. The Sundarbans comprises hundreds of
islands and a network of rivers, tributaries and creeks in the delta of the Ganga and the
Brahmaputra at the mouth of the Bay of Bengal in India and Bangladesh. Located on the
southwestern part of the delta, the Indian Sundarban constitutes over 60% of the country’s total
mangrove forest area. It is the 27th Ramsar Site in India, and with an area of 4,23,000 hectares is
now the largest protected wetland in the country.
Sundarben delta hosts a large population of mangorves (that grow in salt water) - the largest tidal
halophytic mangrove forest in the world.
Statement 3: A critical minimal inflow of freshwater is necessary for the luxuriant growth of
mangroves.
Decrease in freshwater inflow results change in mangrove succession where freshwater loving
species of mangroves are replaced by salt-water loving ones. So, 3 is wrong.
The loss land, including mangrove forest is mainly due to decrease in fresh water flow and
sediment supply in the western (Indian) part of the delta, and the rate of sea level rise is
higher than sediment supply.
However, the eastern (Bangladesh) side of the Sunderbans delta is gaining land because of
the huge amount of sediment and water flow from the Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers
(which is good for the Mangroves).
This immediate impact of salinity will also have negative impact on the fishing community, as
commercially sought fish species will be replaced by fish that does not have as much market
value.
Learning: A study highlights a time series of the erosion of many mangrove forested islands of the
Indian Sunderbans from 1986 to 2012.
These islands include Sagar, Gosaba, Dulibhasani, Dalhousie, Bhangaduni and Jambudwip.
The mean sea level rise is considered a driving factor for coastal erosion, coastal flooding,increase in the number of tidal creeks and losing land.
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Wetland:
On January 30, 2019, the Indian Sundarban was accorded the status of ‘Wetland of
International Importance’ under the Ramsar Convention. The Sundarbans comprises hundreds of
islands and a network of rivers, tributaries and creeks in the delta of the Ganga and the
Brahmaputra at the mouth of the Bay of Bengal in India and Bangladesh. Located on the
southwestern part of the delta, the Indian Sundarban constitutes over 60% of the country’s total
mangrove forest area. It is the 27th Ramsar Site in India, and with an area of 4,23,000 hectares is
now the largest protected wetland in the country.
Sundarben delta hosts a large population of mangorves (that grow in salt water) - the largest tidal
halophytic mangrove forest in the world.
Statement 3: A critical minimal inflow of freshwater is necessary for the luxuriant growth of
mangroves.
Decrease in freshwater inflow results change in mangrove succession where freshwater loving
species of mangroves are replaced by salt-water loving ones. So, 3 is wrong.
The loss land, including mangrove forest is mainly due to decrease in fresh water flow and
sediment supply in the western (Indian) part of the delta, and the rate of sea level rise is
higher than sediment supply.
However, the eastern (Bangladesh) side of the Sunderbans delta is gaining land because of
the huge amount of sediment and water flow from the Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers
(which is good for the Mangroves).
This immediate impact of salinity will also have negative impact on the fishing community, as
commercially sought fish species will be replaced by fish that does not have as much market
value.
Learning: A study highlights a time series of the erosion of many mangrove forested islands of the
Indian Sunderbans from 1986 to 2012.
These islands include Sagar, Gosaba, Dulibhasani, Dalhousie, Bhangaduni and Jambudwip.
The mean sea level rise is considered a driving factor for coastal erosion, coastal flooding,increase in the number of tidal creeks and losing land.
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