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Internal Security = Border management


Security challanges and their management in border areas

Challanges in Indias Border:
policy = One Border One Ministry(BSF, Army, ITBP etc)
--Pakistan: (Golden Criscent = drugs issue + terrorism)
  >LOC = from sangam to NJ9842
            =Rivers crossing= Shyok + indus +jhelum + tapi
            =issues:
            1)PAK does not recognises NJ9842 = says, extend LOC which will loosent the grip of India on Siachen glacier.
            2)security forces= BSF (homo minister) + Army = coordination issues
           
Image ↓:



>AGPL = Actual Ground Position Line= encircles Saltoro valley.
             =NJ9842 to Indra COI.(runs north- south)
            =Protected by Army.
            = Issues:
              >in North PAK ceded territory to China= now part of Xinxian province.
              >Not properly demarcated......moral fight every day.
Image ↓:



>Line of Actual Controll = MacMahon Line
                   =western boundary= J&K and china.
                   =Protected by ITBP(Indo Tibetan Border Police).

>Indo Nepal/Bhutan border.
       =protected by Shahastra Shima Bal (SSB)
       =highly porus.


>Indo Myanmar ----Part of Golden Triangle= drugs issues.
              =Protected by Assam rifles .
              =unprotected border in  several places= cox Bazaar(longest beech of world) + various rivers which keep shifting, and they are only demarcation.


Border management:
--Bodbe roport---led to the formation of Dep of Border Management under Home ministry.
--Border Area Development Programme.
       >BADP provides various schemes through State Gov to develop border areas for people.

Way forward:
--development of infrastructure at border area.
--supporting economic activities like= Border haat in Tripura + Meghalya.
--immigrating local population.
--use of Technology
--unified chain of command.

Key words for below article:
Border Haats , India Bangladesh , indian Rupee or Bangla rupee or Barter system
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