Schedule Tribe

Schedule Tribe:

North and Northeastern Zone:
 >b/w Assam and Tibbet = West of Subansari river= Aka, Dafla, Miri, Gurung, and Aptani.
>b/w Debong and Lohit river= Mishmi tribes
>East of Lohit river= Khamti, singpho tribe
[Image ↓]:
>Further east= Naga tribe= it spread over Nagaland +Myanmar =insurgency [British drew border keeping only geopolitics and economic intrest in mind and not ethnicity]
>b/w Manipur + Tripura +Meghalya+Chittagong Hill tract= South of  Naga Hills= Kuki, Lushai,Garo,
Khasi
[Image: ↓]:
>Sikkim + North of Darjeeling = Lepcha.
>Himalyan region of UK (border area of UP)= Tharu, Bhoksa, Jounsari(Khasa), Bhotia, Raji etc

Central or middle Zone:
>>Central and South India seperated by = Krishna river.
>>Plough Cultivation= Santhal +Munda+ Gond (rest shifting or jhoom or hunter gatherer.)
>Ganjam district(Oddisha )=Savara, Gadaba, Borido
>Orrisa Hill =Juang, Kharia, Khond, Bhumij, Bhiya
>Plateau of Chotanagpur= Munda, Santhal, Oraon, Ho, Birhor.
>Along Vindha ranges= Katkari, Kol, Bhil.
>Gondwana land= Gonds
>Both sides of Satpura and around Maikal hill=  Koraku, Agaria, Pardhan, Baiga.
>Hills of Bastar= Muria = Hill Muriya of Abhujmar hills +Bisonhorn Maria of Indravati valley.
[Image ↓ ]:

The Southern Zone:
>Nallamala Hill=Chenchu tribe
>Lower slope of Coorg hill=Yeruva, Toda tribe
>Waynaad area= Irula, Paniyan, Kurumba.
>Dense forest of Cochchin+ Travancore= Most primitive of indian aboriginal=Most economically backward community of the world==Kadar, Kanikkar, Malvadan, Malakuravan etc.
>Nilgiri Hill= Toda, Badga, Kota = except these tribes all south Indian tribes prefer Hunter and gatherer
[Image ↓:]

Andaman & Nicobar Zone:
>Ethnically close to south indian tribe.
>Jarwa, Onge, North Sentinelese, Andamanese, Shomphen and Nicobari.

Constutional Provision For the STs:

1) PROTECTION:
1a) Article 15 = 15(4) allows to make special provision for weaker section + ST/SC.
1b) Article 16= 16(4) allows reservation in Posts and services
1c) Article 19= 19(5) restriction on 19 to Safeguard tribal intrest(or general public) in Property.....example government can prevent settlement of general public in some tribal area.
1d) Article  23= prohibition of Human trafficking + Forced labor...STs are most vulnarable.
1e) Article 29= 29(2) Cultural  or Linguistic minority has right to conserve its language or culture.
       NOTE= Clause 4 of article 15 has brought Article “15 and 29” in line with Article “16(4) , 46 and 340”.
1f) Article 46= Promotion of Education and Economic intrest of “Weaker Section +SC +ST”.=Liquor license for ST has been preserved under this act.
1g) Article 164= Ministers  in Charge in tribal = a minister who will  look into tribal affairs of states....only 3 states are allowed= Bihar + Orrisa+ MP (BOM).
1h) Article 338= National Commission of ST.

2)DEVELOPMENT:
2a) Article 275/ 339 = Assistance to state(275) + Executive power of Union, giving direction to state for schemes(339).
2b) Fifth and Sixth Schedule=Schedule area(5^th Schedule) + Tribal Area(6^th Schedule area).
     > 5^th Schedule:
            >>President by order declared = Schedule area.
            >>Parliament is empowered to make ammendment in the list, is not under article 368= ie. simple majority will suffice
            >>History=Schedule district act 1874 è GOI 1919 è GOI 1935
           
            >>Features:
                   >>>Special Legislative power of Governor.
                   >>>Governor’s report to President.
                   >>>Constution of Tribe Advisory Council.

      > 6^th Schedule:
             >>Tribal areas within = Assam +Megalya +Tripura+ Mizoram.

             >> Features:
                     >>>Full autonomy matter falling in their jurisdiction= ie. State within State
                     >>>Self management through “Autonomous District and Autonomous Region.
                     >>>Scope of Autonomy= Without notification by Governor....No State/Parliament law applicable.