The Charter Act of 1793

● The Act renewed the Company’s commercial privileges for next 20 years.

● The Company, after paying the necessary expenses, interest, dividends, salaries, etc., from

the Indian revenues, was to pay 5 lakh pounds annually to the British government.

● The royal approval was mandated for the appointment of the governor-general, the

governors, and the commander-in- chief.

● Senior officials of the Company were debarred from leaving India without permission—doing

so was treated as resignation.

● The Company was empowered to give licences to individuals as well as the Company’s

employees to trade in India. The licences, known as ‘privilege’ or ‘country trade’, paved the

way for shipments of opium to China.

● The revenue administration was separated from the judiciary functions and this led

to disappearing of the Maal Adalats.

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evaporation

what causes water to evaporate every fluid (pure) has a definite vapor pressure at a fixed temperature , now if any how the partial presuure of the fluiid is less then the the vapor pressure of the fluid then the fluid starts evaporating to attain the partial pressure equal to the vapor pressure of the fluid, and then the equllibrium is reached and evaporation stops. basically at the top of the fluid there is a random motion of the fluid molecule due to the difference between the adhasive and cohesive forces, some molecule say 'n' goes into the vapur phase and some strikes back say m such that n>m then after the above explained condition is achived then the constraint m=n. conclusion whenever there is the fluid in liquid state is present then in that system partial pressure is exactly to the va...

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