President

WTO and   Intellectual   Property Rights     Introduction   Intellectual property (IP ) IP is the work of the intellect or the mind to create products that have   commercial uses—products like drugs, literature, paintings and so on. It is protected in the   same way as physical property with property rights based on trademarks, patents and so on.   Holders of the patents and so on are entitled to the commercial proceeds exclusively for a   specified time period.   Types of Intellectual Property Rights   • A patent is granted for a new, useful, and non-obvious invention, and it gives the patent   holder an exclusive right to commercially exploit the invention for a certain period of   time.   • Copyright is given for creative and artistic works, such as books, movies, music,   paintings, photographs, and software, and give the copyright holder an exclusive right to   control reproduction or adaptation of such works for a certain period of time. • A trademark is a dis

I often get confused hence this requires frequent revision: International Trade WTO: →maintains rules and regulation in international trade →has a Dispute Settlement Body . United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE): →it operates a Transit system called " TIR"carnets .....its like E-Way pass in gst, through which you can move goods from one state to another in india without being stopped. only difference is TIR is for international Transit. →India joined TIR in 2017. →First consignment of TIR was sent through Chabhar port in 2019. World Customs Organization: →It does the role of making rules related to trade...like international convention on trade, rule for origin, supply chain security, protecting IPR etc. International Commission for Trade and Development (ICTAD): →???????

GS Paper 3: >Science and Technology >Awareness in the field of space Moon’s Aitken Crater Why in news? Scientists have observed an unusual anomaly in the south pole of the moon-Aitken basin. What is the Aitken Basin? Aitken Basin is the largest preserved impact crater of the solar system. The massive subsurface has a deposit of a dense material which is assumed to be a metal. The metal supposedly came from the crashed asteroid and it sank to the mantle of the moon and now sinks to the core It is also assumed to be a concentration of dense oxides which is related to the last stage of lunar magma ocean solidification. How did the scientists find this out? It was done by scientists at NASA through their GRAIL (Gravity Recovery and interior laboratory) and LRO (Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter) What is the GRAIL? GRAIL, initiated by NASA’s Discovery Program in 2011, is concerned with the visualization of the internal structure of the moon using high-quality gravitational field studies. G