President

Colonial Background:- Administrative division of Santhal Parganas covers the geographical area of Rajmahal hills, and valleys and plains area along the hills. This area was never under jurisdiction of any of the rulers before the arrival of colonial power, more so Damin–i-koh area ( Jungelarry tracts). This area was semi-independent country under Pahariya tribes .The East India Company introduced extractive zamindari system through Zamindars of Sultanbad (Maheshpur) and Ambar (Pakur) to maximise land revenue and also introduced market and monetary economy into the primitive tribal economy in the 18th century. These Zamindars, traders, money lenders, contractors, other service providers and company employees started exploiting the innocent tribal and evicted tribal from their own land. This led to Pahariya Sirkars in 1777-78 and more famous Santhal Insurrection (popularly called Hul) of 1855-57. During this time, British introduced a special system of administration and for this Act XXX...

  Introduction   China’s growing economic and strategic footprint has caused anxiety in the Indo-Pacific region. [3]  The Chinese Navy, apart from creating friendly relations with the littoral states using maritime diplomacy, is a frequent guest at the ports of Karachi, Colombo and many Southeast Asian countries. It conducts exercises beyond its traditional sphere of influence, indicating a clear intent on China’s part to become a major player in this region. Its expanding naval fleet and its pursuit of new naval technologies demonstrate China’s aims to exert influence in these spaces. [4]  As its base in Djibouti is utilised to host aircraft carriers, places like Gwadar, Hambantota and Maldives have also started functioning dually for both commercial and military purposes. [5] Addressing the China challenge—including the concomitant, non-traditional security issues—calls on stakeholders to move from expression of interest to active conversation. For India, Japan and...

Finance committee: ==Cant summon ministers ==Ministers cant be members   Note: Only Excess Grant  is audited by PAC  before submitting for vote in Lok Sabha. Public Account Committee Estimate committee Committee on Public Undertaking Financial Committee, Hence, Ministers can’t be summoned by them Same Same Root=GOI act 1919…came in 1921 Same Root= 1964 recommended by Krishna Menon committee Members =15 L.S + 7 R.S Ministers can not be its member Members = Only Lok Sabha (No R.S) Ministers  can not  be its member Members =15 L.S + 7 R.S    Ministers can not be its member Proportional Representation Same Same Chairmen= elected by Speaker by Tradition=LoP Chairment= elected by Speaker   By Tradition Ruling party Chairmen...

The 93rd Amendment to the Constitution directly or indirectly affects millions of citizens of this country. If Article 15(5) is permitted to remain in force, then, instead of achieving the goal of a casteless.....  Constitution A constitution is set of rules for government, often codified as a written document that establishes principles of an autonomous political entity. In the case of countries, this term refers specifically to a national constitution defining the fundamental political principles, and establishing the structure, procedures, powers and duties, of a government. By limiting the government's own reach, most constitutions guarantee certain rights to the people. The term constitution can be applied to any overall law that defines the functioning of a government, including several historical constitutions that existed before the development of modern national constitutions.  Constitution Of India The Constitution of India is the supreme law of In...