Internal security =Organised crime

Syllabus= Linkage of Organised Crime with Terrorism.

	Terrorism	Organised crime
Motivation	Political power(Taliban+ ISIS) + Ideology	Economic power + material benefits
killing	Mass killing	Targeted killing
Priority of action	Violance 1st option	1st threat ....violance last
Approach	Seek media attention	Anonymity
income	Hizack + bombing+ attack etc	Ransom +money laundrey+ smuggling + trafficking etc
target	Public institution+ gov building etc	No such......usually contract kill / for hegemony
Final agenda	Make public opinion against gov...for flourishment	Many politician are complicit in Organised crime.(Vohra Committee report)

Link between Terrorism and Organised Crime:
--Many time terrorist depends on funding from Drugs(Golden triangle=Myanmar+Thailand+Laos; Golden Criescant=Afganishtan+Iran+Pakistan) and trafficking, which are primarily work of Organised crime. Ex= Taliban =Drugs and ISIS= women trafficking.
--overtime many Organised Crime wears ideology simmilar to Terrorist.
--Organised Crime= helps terrorist in illegal arms supply....Chittagong and Cox bazar(longest beech in world) are nearby smuggling hotspot in india.
--Terorist in Kashmir mainly get funding from Pakistan .

Problems in control effort @ Organised crime:
--inadequate legal structure:
   >we use IPC and Acts of State....no specialised law to tackle....as its trasstate problem.
--Difficulties in obtaining Proof.
   >Lack of witness protection program.
--Lack of resources and Training.
   >Poorest Police to Population Ratio.
   >India= 130 police per 1 lakh people.
   >United Nation std = 450 police per 1 Lakh people.
--Lack of cordination.
  >jurisdiction of Law and enforcement agency restricted by state boundries.
--Police + beaurocracy +Politician = as shown by Vohra committee report.
--Dual crimnality:
   >Prostitution(pimping) = Legal in Armstedam || Illegal in India.
   >Money laundrey = Legal in Pakistan + Bangladesh || illegal in India.
   >Drug market flourishes= Golden Triangle + Golden criscent
     >>India= Drug like Opium is legally cultivated for pharmacy.


Way forward:
--Enhancing international cooperation
    >extradition
    >Multilateral mechanism for transfer of data on crime.
    >Knowledge sharing...expertee.
    >peacefull neighbour.

--Strong political commitment.
   >politician are complicit......election reform
   >Vohra committee report is proof.

--Role of Mass media.
  >Mobilising public opinion......destroying motive of Terrorist.
  >sting operation

--Strong police force
  >broke the backbone of mumbai organised crime .

Question and Answer:

1)Organised crime is a threat to national integrity. Discuss.

Ans:
Organised crime is any gang or enterprise engaged in continuing illegal activity which has its primary activity to seek goods and services that are illegal(interpol defination).
It dents on national integration:
>Drug trafficking....impact human resource
>Money laundrey....impacts economy
>nexus with political leader and terrorists....threat to internal security.
>Human smuggling
>Human trafficking
>Arms smuggling
>Cyber crime
Thus it dents on various aspect.

2)What are all main characteristics of Organised crime?

Ans:
Characteristics of Organised crime:
1)Continuity = a structure that ensures sucessor.
2)well defined structure= which creates different hirarchy ...hence organised.
3)Membership= some condition to be member....like killing to proof honesty.
4)Criminality:
   >involves in legitimate and illegitimate business.
   >Legitimate= gov contract....hegemony by threat.
   >illegitimate= trafficking, smuggling etc
5)Violence = targeted....like to particular organisation or individual.
6)intimidation= mostly they prefer threat instead of violence.
7)Public disorder= to show power.
8)Monopoly in legitimate trade.
9)Corruption= breeding ground for them.
10)Protectors= corrupt officials and politician ===Vohra committee report.

3)What are the steps involved in organised crime.

Ans:
Different steps taken by Organised Criminals:
1)Smuggling = Drugs +Humans(illegally to foreign)+Arms +endangered animals
2)Trafficking (women market)
3)Money laundrey
4)Contract killing
5)Terrorism
6)kidnapping

4)Explain the problems faced by India at national and international levels while curbing terrorism.

Ans: