Tribal India

Various aspects of India Tribes

[1]  Van-Dhan Vikas Kendra initiative:
>The initiative aims to promote Minor Forest Produce (MFPs)-centric livelihood development of tribal gatherers and artisans.
>The scheme will be implemented through Ministry of Tribal Affairs as Nodal Department at the Central Level and TRIFED as Nodal Agency at the National Level.

[2]  1000 springs initiative
>online portal on GIS-based Spring Atlas with the hydrological and chemical properties of the springs mentioned.

>Aim: To improve access to safe and adequate water for the tribal

includes the provision of infrastructure for piped water supply for drinking; provision of water for irrigation; community-led total sanitation initiatives

>Implementation:
more than 70 young tribal youths from the rural belt of three districts of Odisha namely, Kalahandi, Khandamal and Gajapati have been trained as barefoot hydro geologists by combining traditional and scientific knowledge for identification and mapping of springs, and undertaking rejuvenation and protection measures in their habitations.

[3]  Swadesh Darshan Scheme
>It intends to develop theme-based tourist circuits in the country.
>The scheme is 100% centrally funded.
>One the implied aims of the scheme would be to showcase tribal culture and art to enhance livelihood opportunities for tribal populations in the country

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Kani Tribea:
>Kani is a tribe living in the Western Ghats area of Kerala.

>Their use of the forest plant arogyapacha (trichopus zeylanicus) as a key ingredient in a herbal remedy called Jeevani was noted by visiting scientists in the 1980s.

>Scientists from the University of Kerala have decoded the genetic make-up of Arogyapacha.--a highly potent medicinal plant endemic to the Agasthya hills.

>This ‘miracle plant’ is known for its traditional use by the Kani tribal community to combat fatigue.

>Studies have also proved its varied spectrum of pharmacological properties such as anti-oxidant, aphrodisiac, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-tumour, anti ulcer, antihyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective and anti-diabetic.

>A recently discovered species of tree-dwelling crab has been named Kani maranjandu after the tribe.

[2]  Tribes of Andaman and Nicobar
>Four  PTG(Particularly Vulnarable Group) Tibes= Shompen + Jarawa  

  +  Onge +   Sentinelese
>Shompen= lives in interior Greater Nicobar + less women + marraige by capture+ hostitlity among tribes.
                =only tribe to have Mongoloid features.

>Rest of PVTS= Negroid
>Jarwas= great threat from Great Andaman Trunk Road.
                

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[3]  Lepcha Tribe
>Geography= Higher reaches of Darjiling and Sikkim Himalyas.
 >Language= Wirte their own language in their own scrip(Script derived from Tibbetan script)
>Religion= Buddhist + Christian

Nishi Tribe  has originated from the Indo-Mongoloid stock. They are mainly inhabited

in the lower region of the Subansiri district in Arunachal Pradesh. They are considered a large tribe.

>according to the area and population in Arunachal Pradesh. Their spoken language is different from the other tribes, which is a part of the Tibeto-Burman language family.

Angami Tribe community is found in Manipur and has a total population of 12 million. The tribal community follows Christianity and speak Tenyidie. They cultivate rice and grains on the hilly areas. The pattern and design of the clothes worn by the Angami men and women are almost different from each other.

Rengma Tribe are a Naga tribal community, and are found in both Nagaland and Assam. The total population is more than 50,000 in entire Nagaland. The community is further divided into two categories - Eastern and Western Rengma’s. They are considered experts in terrace cultivation.

Adi Tribe (have two divisions namely Bogums and Bomis) are found in Arunachal Pradesh. They live on the hills and have their own village council. This group is again divided into various small sub tribes. Rice cultivation is practiced by this community and rice serves as the staple foods for the Adi. Trapping and hunting is also popular.           

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Rampa Rebellion of 1879

Mopla Rebellion

The Santhal rebellion (June 30, 1855 to January 3, 1856): Also known as the

Santhal Hool, it was a native rebellion in eastern India against both the British colonial authority and zamindari system by the Santhal people.

The Munda Rebellion: Birsa Munda led the movement in the region south of Ranchi in 1899-1900, seeking the establishment of Munda Raj and independence after the system of khuntkattidar was corroded by the jagirdars and thikadars who came as moneylenders and as traders.

The Bodo Movement: The official movement of the Bodos for an independent state of Bodoland started under the leadership of Upendranath Brahma of All Bodo Students’ Union (ABSU) on March 2, 1987. While the movement was suppressed by the then government, the ABSU created a political organization called the Bodo People’s Action Committee (BPAC). After the Bodo Accord, the Bodoland Autonomous Council (BAC) was constituted, which was later replaced by the BTQ which was established in accordance with the Memorandum of Settlement (MoS) on February 10 2003

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Tribes in india:
>Kotia = Andhra pradest(majorly) + Orrisa + Telangana
>Nyishi= Arunachal Pradesh= Polygyni is practiced—shows social status,
>Dimasas= MAM(Mizoram + Assam + Meghalya)---- Sino-Tibetan Language.
>Karmali= Bihar+ WB+ Jharkhand

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Tribal Festivals:
>Wangala festival= in Meghalya.....by Garo tribe....post harvest festival to thank Misi Saljong(sun god).

>Zino Festival= Arunachal Pradesh....music festival....Indias greatest  outdoon song event..

>Myoko Festival= Arunachal Pradesh....@Aptani tribe...month long....pig sacrifice...fertility and purification.
                                              =celebrated amongst three communities in Ziro– Diibo-Hija, Hari-Bulla, and Hong of Apatani plateau– on a rotational basis

>Bardo Chham Festival= Arunachal Pradesh....wear mask of diff animals.....total 12 animal mask....representing 12 evils.......festival is to ward off these evil and to celebrate victory of good.

> Dree’ = an agricultural rite and a fertility festival in the North-eastern India,...celebrated by Metii Tribe

> Sammakka – Saralamma Jatara’,= biggest Tribal Festival of South Asia(1 crore people attends festival)................. Deccan area(Telangana and surrounding).
The event is held bi-annually to honour the twin goddesses Sammakka and her daughter

Sarakka. Several communities in Telangana society support Jatara as it is also a mythical

narrative of two tribal women leaders who fought against the Kakatiya rulers who tried to

annex their land and forests.
Sammakka’s curse which caused gradual decline and death of Kakatiya rule.

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Abujh Marias:
>in Chattisgarh(Bastar).....their dwelling place is the last remaining strongholds of Left-wing extremism.
>PVTG....hence entitled to Habitat Right under FRA.
>Abujh Marias have their own governance structure, the usual approach involving gram sabhas will not be possible. We’ll have to call a mahasabha and take up the issue of FRA there,” the official said.



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Tribes like Monpa, Sherdukpens, Memba, Khamba and Nah following the Mahayana sect

of Buddhism celebrate this festival with all pomp.
>Name of Mahayna Festival= Losar.
>In this festival, the priests make offering to the highest priest called the Dharmapala or Palden Lham,,,,,,,,,,,,,,for good harvest

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Bhulya and Hos tribes are associated with Chhau dance form(Bengal).


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Tibes in Laddhak(key word Article 370 tribes) = Balti; Beda; Bot, Boto; Brokpa, Drokpa, Dard, Shin; Changpa; Garra; Mon and Purigpa.