Sufi and Bhakti Movement Part 2

For Part 1 .............click here

Sufism

Pshycic Unity [E.B Tyler---Classical Evolution of Culture]
>India = Bhakti Movement started in response of growing imortance of rituals against sprituality of Hinduism.
>Afganishtan= Sufism evolved against growing rituality(Conservatism) of Caliphate.

Types of Sufi Saint:
1) Be- Shara Sufi:
   > does not follow Shariya
   >AKA “Mask Kalandar” + “Haidari” + “Malang” + “Baba”
   >Simmilar to Bhakti saints= Harsh ascetism
   >No info====è no documentation
2) Ba-Shara Sufi:
    >Follows Shariya
    >diff from Bhakti Saint = followed Asceticm but not Harsh....Love of God in healthy body.
    >have various Order(AKA “Shilshila”) = continuity of thought.
          Example= Chisti shilshila or order = thought of Muinuddin Chisti followers.......1^st order= Khawaja Muin uddin Chisti...............2^nd order the second follower= Qutabuddin Bhaktiyar Kaki.

Ba- Sharia Sufi

Chisti Order:

Kwaja Muinuddin Chisti(1143-1223 AD)
> 1^st order Chisti
>From Hairat(Afganishtan).......Came to Ajmer India
>Panthetic Monoism= ishwar ek hai  or har cheej me hai.
>Stayed away from State affairs....ordinary life.
>Popularised “Sama” = musical reictation.

Qutabuddin Bhaktiyar
>Follower of Muinuddin Chisti ↑.
>Connecting dots = Delhi Sultanate.....Quttabuddin Aibak started building Qutab minar....Illtutmish completed and named after him
>Politics:
Caliphat (The muslim religious head) didn’t gave Qutabuddin Aibak(Founder of Delhi sultanate) the recognition of sultan.
IILTUTMISH named the construction work of Qutabuddin in the name of Sufi Saint(Muinuddin Chisti) + He even patronised sufis of other order or shilshila like”Shuhrawardi Shilsilah”..........These Sufi were against Caliphats phillosophy and had huge followers.....Calipha hence to maintain BOP gave “Letter of Mansor(Recognition)” to Illutumis [Other Sultunate ruler to get recognition from Calipha= Illutmish + Muhammad Bin Tughalaq(IQ ↑) + Feroz Tughlaq(kattar islamic)].

Baba Farid:
>This Chisti Sufi contributed in development of Punjabi Literature.
>in 14^th cent he live....wrote many poems....which later got enshrined in “Guru granth Sahib” religious book of Sikh [1469 born Guru Nanak]

Nizamuddin Auliya:
>his student = Amir Khusro....formed Qwali and many musical instrument[

Sheikh Nasiruddin Mahmud
>AKA Lamp of Delhi (Chirag-e-Dilli)

Seikh Burhanuddin Garib
>spred sufism to South India.

Shurawardi Silsilah(Greedy)
>Attributes:
a Sufi should acuire Property(not in Chisti Shilsila) + Knowledge + Hal(mystical enlightenment)
>Bowing before initiation of Shilsila was stopped(bowing practice in Chisti)
>Ammassed too much wealth.
>Illtutmish provided royal patronage.
>Formed by = Sheikh Shihabuddin Suhrawardi in Bagdad
>Brought in Inida by = Sheikh bahauddin Zakariya(1182-1262)...contemprory of Chisti.
>Region of influence= Punjab + sindh +Kashmir +Partial Bengal.

Qadariya Silsilah (hum dekhenge...)
>Phillosophy = Wahahdat al Wajud (Unity of existence = God is only reality rest is just his radiation)
>Founder= Abdul Qadir Gilani
>Brought in india by= Shah Namatullah
>Followers:
1)Miyan Mir = he enrolled Dara shikoh (brother of Aurangzeb).
2)Hasrat Mohani=Urdu Poet Freedom fighter
3)Muhammad Iqbal= Urdu Poet = Hum Dekhenge......@CAA protest

Naqshbandi Silsilah (Rise of Vilan)
>Philosophy= Very radical.
>India me Formed by= Khwaja Bahauddin Naqshbandi  in India.
>Famous follower= Sheikh Ahmed Sarhindi.....He gave himself the title of “Reformer of the new Millennium”...............
>Popularised during Akbar..............When Akbar was trying to spread secular religion.
> Aurangzeb was his follower.....who killed Dara Shikoh(Dara Shikoh had translated GITA in Urdu)

Shattari Silsilah
>Tansen= the greatest musician in the court of AKBAR was follower.

Impact of Sufis:
>Development of Varneclar Language.
>Why?
>bcoz...They pareached in Local or regional Language.
>Why?
>Bcoz their main suject was Non-Elite Hindus.....who didn’t had privilage of Sanskritic text.

>Developed Art and Culture....specially Music and Qawali.....brought religious tolerance.

Bhakti Movement

Two school of thought:

1)Nirguna:
>Attribute= God is shape less(No idol worship) + Knowledge is way for salvation.
>Personality= Guru Nanak + Kabir + Dadu Dayal

2)Saguna:
>Attribute= God has attributes(idol worship) + Love /Devotion for Salvation.
>Personality= Ramanuja + Ramananda + Chaitanya Mahaprabhu.

Originated in South India.

3 different Bhakti Movement in S.India

1)Alwars:
>Vaishnavism------ total 12
>Attributes = Hymns in praise of Vishnu/ Awtars= Divya Prabandha (collection of all such hymns).
>Women= Andal----only femal Alwar saint===AKA Mira of South.

2)Nayannars:
>Shaivaites
>Tevaram=first seven volumes of the Tirumurai = poems of Shiva. =Dravida Veda
>Tirumurai = Hymns(of Nayyanars) collected by priest on the order of “Chola King Raja Raja 1” .

3)Virashaiva Movement/ Lingayats
>no caste system
> by Basavanna...body is temple...so temple making not required for God--------10-12 Cent AD Chola +Pandya kings connected temple worship with Bhakti tradition.......Basavanna was faught against this  temple linking.
>in Karnatka.......in Kalachuri dynasty.

Impact on Language:

Language	Proponent
Hindi	Kabir + Surdas + Tulsidas etc
Marathi	Janandeva + Namdev etc
Bengali	Chaitanya Mahaprabhu + Chandidas
Rajasthani (Brij)	Meerabai + Bihari etc
Punjabi	Guru Nanak +Baba Farid(Sufi of Chisti order)
Kashmiri	Lalla
Assamese	Shankaradeva